Photo above
Directional tuning of biceps motor units: as force direction
departs from the unit's best direction, the unit is recruited
later. Each 2 s trace is aligned at force onset and was recorded
with intramuscular electrodes, as a human subject produced force
against an immovable transducer strapped to the wrist.
Force ramps in various directions were produced by combinations
of shoulder and elbow muscle activation, and the "best direction"
for this biceps unit was straight up (red). The orange
and yellow panels correspond to forces 18 and 36 degrees forward
(top panels) or back (bottom panels) from the best direction. |
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